Pengaruh Inflasi Terhadap Kemampuan Ekonomi Warga di Indonesia

Abstract

Inflation constitutes a macroeconomic phenomenon characterized by a persistent and generalized increase in the prices of goods and services, which directly reduces the purchasing power of households. The present study aims to examine the impact of inflation on consumer purchasing capacity in Indonesia and to identify its effects on patterns of consumption, welfare, and socioeconomic conditions. A literature review method was employed, involving analysis of relevant empirical findings and secondary data sources. The results indicate that diminished household purchasing power is primarily attributable to inflationary pressures, particularly price escalations in the food and energy sectors. Such increases disproportionately affect low-income groups, leading to a decline in their ability to afford daily necessities. Furthermore, inflation induces alterations in consumption behavior, including reductions in nonessential expenditures, substitution toward more affordable goods, and increased caution in purchasing decisions. Beyond its economic consequences, inflation also exerts significant social impacts, such as deterioration in quality of life and heightened financial stress. Although governmental interventions through subsidies and social assistance programs contribute positively to maintaining purchasing power, several implementation challenges persist. Consequently, the formulation of more efficient and sustainable policy measures is required to stabilize inflation and safeguard the purchasing capacity of the population.